The mineral composiTion of herbal drug of safflower (CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS. l.)

Study of the mineral composition of plant material of safflower, flowers, seeds and herb was carried out. Atomic emission spectrographic method was used and contents of 15 elements were determined. The experimental data indicate quite diverse and abundant element content in safflower material that determines its therapeutic effect. The results of analysis show elements of content that safflower herb contains the largest amount, and the seeds lowest. The total amount of all elements of the studied material of safflower (mg/100 g) as follow herbs: 6827.08; flowers: 3507.01; seeds: 1160.56.

The flowers, in addition, contain a red pigment carthamin (or carthamus red) and yellow carthamus A and B (saflomin A and B), carthamidin, iso-carthamin, polysaccharides, essential oil, lignans.
Safflower flowers are used for coloring all shades of yellow and orange colors, including food.
Safflower is used to treat wounds and burns, pyoderma and pemphigus of different forms. In Chinese medicine, safflower flowers are widely prescribed in gynecological diseases. Infusion of flowers has choleretic and laxative effect.
The aim is to study the mineral composition of safflower materials, which take into account when developing indexes for the draft of pharmacopoeia monograph of plant material [2,3,5,9].

maTerials and meThods
Seeds were harvested in the period of full maturity in 2014 at the experimental area of the botanical garden of NPhU, flowers and herb -during flowering time.
Study of the mineral composition of different plant materials: flowers, seeds and herb was carried out. For this it has been used sophisticated methods of analysisatomic emission spectrographic method based on evaporation plant's ash in the arc discharge, photographic registration decomposed into a spectrum of radiation and measuring the intensity of the spectral lines of certain elements [11].
Preparing samples for analysis consisted of careful carbonization plant material when heated in a muffle furnace (t° up to 500 °С) with pre-treatment samples by diluted sulfuric acid. Evaporation of tests conducted with © Barashovets O. V., Popova N. V., 2016 craters graphite electrodes in arc discharge of alternating current (source excitation spectra of type IVS-28) at a current 16 A and 60 seconds exposure. To obtain spectra and their registration plate used in spectrograph DFS-8 with a diffraction grating 600 shtr/mm and trilenz system coverage gap. Determination of intensity of the lines in the spectra of analyzed samples and calibration samples (GF) was performed using microphotometer MF-1.
Photographing the spectra were carried out in the following conditions: amperage stream arc AC -16A, the ignition phase -60 °С, frequency pulse ignited -100 bits per second; analytical gap -2 mm, width of the slit of the spectrograph -0.015 mm; exposure -60 seconds. Photographed spectra in the wavelength range 230-330 nm. Using standard samples metal salt solutions (ISORM-23-27) in the range of measurable concentrations built calibration curve, which determined regarding each element of its ash contents. The contents of minerals was calculated using the following expression, (%): where: m -mass of ash, g; M -mass of safflower material / extract, g; a -the contents of the element in the ash, %.

resulTs and discussion
Ash is residue of inorganic substances obtained after burning and calcining materials. There are a total ash and ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid solution. The study was carried out in accordance with requirement of Ukrainian State Pharmacopoeia [2,3].
Total ash is composed of minerals safflower material and foreign mineral impurities (earth, sand, stones) caught in raw materials when cleaning and drying.
Determination of total ash was carried out in the scientific and technological complex "Institute of Monocrystals" NAS of Ukraine (Kharkov). The results are shown in Tab. 1.
Results of the analysis of the elemental composition of flowers, herb and safflower seeds are represented in Tab. 2. In the studied material, 15 minerals were found, among which 5 belong to macroelements and 10 to microelements (Tab. 2).
The results show that safflower herb contains the largest amount of elements, seeds -smallest. According to the result it can be establish a pattern for the content of elements in the herb safflower: K > Ca > Si > Mg > P > Na > Fe > Al > Sr> Mn > Zn. For flowers, it has the following view: K > Ca > Si > Mg > P> Na > Fe > Al > Zn > Sr > Mn, and for seed as follow: K > Ca > Si > Mg > P > Na > Al > Zn > Mn > Fe > Cu. Total sum of all elements of the studied material (mg/100 g) are herb: 6827.08; flower: 3507.01; seeds: 1160.56.
Safflower material has a great interest as a source of important elements -potassium and calcium.
The contents of harmful elements (Co, Cd, As, Hg) in safflower material meets the requirement of Ukrainian State Pharmacopoeia [2,3]. conclusions 1. By the method of atomic emission spectrophotometry, the elemental composition of safflower material was determined. 15 macro-and microelements were identified in objects that were investigated. 2. The experimental data indicate quite diverse and abundant element contents in safflower material that determines its therapeutic effect. Five macroelements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, P) and 10 micro-elements (Fe, Si, Al, Mn, Pb, Ni, Mo, Cu, Zn, Sr) were identified. 3. The contents of micro-and macro mineral of safflower material situated in sequence and with different amount of elements: herb -6827.08; flower -3507.01; seeds -1160.56. references 1. Горницкий К. С. Заметки об употреблении в народном быту некоторых дикорастущих и разво-